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Limenitidinae Behr 1864

Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower
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taxon links [up-->]Pseudoneptis [up-->]Pseudacraea [up-->]Kumothales inexpectata [up-->]Adoliadini [up-->]Limenitidini [up-->]Neptini [up-->]Parthenini [down<--]Nymphalidae Interpreting the tree
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Containing group: Nymphalidae

Introduction

Traditional "Limenitidinae" of authors (e. g., Harvery 1991) was a paraphyletic group composed of multiple clades: Biblidini, Cyrestini, Pseudergolini, Coloburini, and Limenitidini. The latter tribe, which is the sister group of Heliconiinae, is here considered to be the "true" Limenitidinae. The rest are more closeley-related to Apaturinae and Nymphalinae (or part of Nymphalinae, in the case of Coloburini).

References

Brower AVZ. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) inferred from partial sequences of the wingless gene. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267: 1201-1211.

Harvey DJ. 1991. Higher classification of the Nymphalidae. In: Nijhout HF, ed. The Development and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Washington D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. 255-273.

Wahlberg N, Braby MF, Brower AVZ, de Jong R, Lee M-M, Nylin S, Pierce NE, Sperling FAH, Vila R, Warren AD, and Zakharov E. 2005. Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 272: 1577-1586.

Wahlberg N, Weingartner E, and Nylin S. 2003. Towards a better understanding of the higher systematics of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 28: 473-484.

Title Illustrations
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Click on an image to view larger version & data in a new window
Scientific Name Athyma perius
Location Taiwan
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source IMG_1642asj1
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 leemt2
Scientific Name Parthenos sylvia
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Parthenos sylvia
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2002 Wes Kalinowski
Scientific Name Neptis hylas luculenta
Location Taiwan
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Neptis hylas luculenta _2
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 leemt2
About This Page

Niklas Wahlberg
University of Turku, Finland


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Niklas Wahlberg at and Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Limenitidinae Behr 1864. Authored by Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Wahlberg, Niklas and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2007. Limenitidinae Behr 1864. Version 15 January 2007 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Limenitidinae/12196/2007.01.15 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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